#!/usr/bin/env python3

"""
=================================================================

    This MODULE is used as a reference for Python source code style & documentation

    VERSION 24.02.2022
    
    This file conforms to the Sphinx Napoleon syntax :
    https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/extensions/napoleon.html
    
    Ref :
    
    - Sphinx generalities on RST format : https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/basics.html
    - Sphinx autodoc : https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/extensions/autodoc.html
    - Sphinx autodocsumm : https://autodocsumm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
    - Sphinx autosummary : https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/extensions/autosummary.html
    - Sphinx apidoc (1) for autogeneration of files in the source folder : https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/man/sphinx-apidoc.html
    - Sphinx apidoc (2) more explanations : https://samnicholls.net/2016/06/15/how-to-sphinx-readthedocs
    - Sphinx inheritance diagrams : https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/extensions/inheritance.html
    - Typehints cheatsheet : https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/cheat_sheet_py3.html
    - Doctests : https://docs.python.org/fr/3/library/doctest.html
    - Mixins : https://www.thedigitalcatonline.com/blog/2020/03/27/mixin-classes-in-python
    - Data Classes (3.7+) : https://realpython.com/python-data-classes

    Changes :

    - added new type annotation : Literal
    - added new types : NamedTuple, Dataclass, Enum, TypedDict
    - added custom and derived Exceptions

=================================================================
"""

# This import MUST BE at the very beginning of the file (or syntax error...)
from __future__ import annotations
from dataclasses import dataclass, field


# TODO :
# - exception (custom)
# - dataclass
# - NamedTuple
# - Enum


# '''
# =================================================================
#     PACKAGES IMPORT
# =================================================================
# '''

# --- 1) GENERAL PURPOSE IMPORTS ---

from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Sequence, Any, TypeVar, Union, Callable, Literal
import typing

import platform
from datetime import date
import random

# --- 2) PROJECT SPECIFIC IMPORTS ---

# from django.conf import settings as djangosettings
# from common.models import AgentSurvey, AgentCmd, AgentLogs
# from src.core.pyros_django.obsconfig.configpyros import ConfigPyros
# from device_controller.abstract_component.device_controller import (
#    DCCNotFoundException, UnknownGenericCmdException, UnimplementedGenericCmdException, UnknownNativeCmdException
# )


# '''
# =================================================================
#     GENERAL MODULE CONSTANTS & FUNCTIONS DEFINITIONS
# =================================================================
# '''

#
# - (General) Module level Constants
#

DEBUG = False

IS_WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"


#
# - (General) Module level Functions
#

# - Typehint : Union (but not yet '|', only available with python 3.10)

def general_function_that_returns_a_float(
    arg_a: int, arg_b: str | int, arg_c: float = 1.2, arg_d: bool = True
) -> float:
    """This function illustrates Typehint 'Union' (or '|')

    Args:
        arg_a: the path of the file to wrap
        arg_b: instance to wrap
        arg_c: toto
        arg_d: whether or not to delete the file when the File instance is destructed

    Returns:
        A buffered writable file descriptor

    Raises:
        AttributeError: The ``Raises`` section is a list of all exceptions
            that are relevant to the interface.
        ValueError: If `arg_a` is equal to `arg_b`.

    Usage:

        general_function_that_returns_a_float(arg_a=1, arg_b="toto")    # => OK

        general_function_that_returns_a_float(arg_a=1, arg_b=1.2)       # => KO (float not allowed)
    """

    # comment on a
    a = 1

    # comment on b
    b = 2

    return 3.5


# - Typehint : Tuple (immutable)

def general_function_that_returns_a_tuple_of_3_elem(
    a: int, b: int = 2, c: str = "titi"
) -> Tuple[int, float, str]:
    """This function illustrates Typehint 'Tuple' (immutable)

    Args:
        a: the path of the file to wrap
        b: instance to wrap
        c: toto

    Usage:

    >>> e = general_function_that_returns_a_tuple_of_3_elem(1, 2, 'toto')
    >>> e
    (1, 2, 'toto toto')

    You can name parameters if you don't pass all of them (here we don't pass optional parameter 'b') :

    >>> e = general_function_that_returns_a_tuple_of_3_elem(c='toto', a=1)
    >>> e
    (1, 2, 'toto toto')

    >>> f,g,h = general_function_that_returns_a_tuple_of_3_elem(c='toto', a=1, b=2)
    >>> f,g,h
    (1, 2, 'toto toto')

    """
    return (a, b, c + " toto")


# - Typehint : Sequence = List (mutable) or Tuple (immutable)

def square(elems: Sequence[float]) -> List[float]:
    """This function illustrates Typehint 'Sequence'

    Takes a Sequence (either List of Tuple) as input, and send a List as output

    Usage:

    >>> square( [1,2,3] )
    [1, 4, 9]

    >>> square( (1,2,3) )
    [1, 4, 9]
    """

    return [x ** 2 for x in elems]


# - Typehint : TypeAlias

Card = Tuple[str, str]
Deck = List[Card]

SUITS = "♠ ♡ ♢ ♣".split()
RANKS = "2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J Q K A".split()


def create_deck_without_alias(shuffle: bool = False) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
    """This function (and the next one) illustrates Typehint 'TypeAlias'

    Create a new deck of 52 cards
    """
    deck = [(s, r) for r in RANKS for s in SUITS]
    if shuffle:
        random.shuffle(deck)
    return deck


def create_deck_with_alias(shuffle: bool = False) -> Deck:
    """This function (and the previous one) illustrates Typehint 'TypeAlias'

    Create a new deck of 52 cards

    Card = Tuple[str, str]

    Deck = List[Card]

    Return Deck
    """
    deck = [(s, r) for r in RANKS for s in SUITS]
    if shuffle:
        random.shuffle(deck)
    return deck


# - Typehint : Generics avec Sequence, Any, TypeVar

def choose_from_list_of_Any_returns_a_Any(items: Sequence[Any]) -> Any:
    """This function illustrates Typehint 'Generics'

    Option1 (BAD) : avoid using 'Any' because too general
    """
    return random.choice(items)


T = TypeVar("T")


def choose_from_list_of_a_specific_type_returns_same_type(items: Sequence[T]) -> T:
    """This function illustrates Typehint 'Generics'

    Option2 (BETTER) : prefer 'TypeVar' instead of 'Any'

    T = TypeVar("T")
    """
    return random.choice(items)


T_str_flt = TypeVar("T_str_flt", str, float)


def choose_from_list_of_a_specific_constrained_type_returns_same_type(
    items: Sequence[T_str_flt],
) -> T_str_flt:
    """This function illustrates Typehint 'Generics'

    Option3 (still BETTER) : use a 'constrained TypeVar'

    T_str_flt = TypeVar("T_str_flt", str, float)

    (you could name 'T_str_flt' as you want, for example, 'Choosable'...)

    => the function accepts only sequence of str or float:

    - if str: return str

    - if float: return float

    Usage:

    choose(["Guido", "Jukka", "Ivan"])    => str, OK

    choose([1, 2, 3])                => float, OK (car int subtype of float)

    choose([True, 42, 3.14])        => float, OK (car bool subtype of int which is subtype of float)

    choose(["Python", 3, 7])            => object, KO (rejected)

    """

    return random.choice(items)


# - Typehint : Callable

def create_greeting(congrat: str, name: str, nb: int) -> str:
    return f"{congrat} {name} {nb}"


def do_twice(
    func: Callable[[str, str, int], str], arg1: str, arg2: str, arg3: int
) -> None:
    """This function illustrates Typehint 'Callable'

    Usage:

    >>> do_twice(create_greeting, "Hello", "Jekyll", 1)
    Hello Jekyll 1
    Hello Jekyll 1
    """
    print(func(arg1, arg2, arg3))
    print(func(arg1, arg2, arg3))


# - Typehint : typing.Literal (new in 3.8)

def validate_simple(data: Any) -> Literal[True]:
    """This function illustrates Typehint 'Literal' (new in 3.8)

    => should always return True
    """
    pass


MODE = Literal['r', 'rb', 'w', 'wb']


def open_helper(file: str, mode: MODE) -> str:
    """This function illustrates Typehint 'Literal' (new in 3.8)

    (Type alias :)

    MODE = Literal['r', 'rb', 'w', 'wb']

    Usage:

    OK :

    >>> open_helper('/some/path', 'r')

    Error :

    >>> open_helper('/other/path', 'typo')  
    """

    pass


# '''
#    *******************************
#      CUSTOM EXCEPTIONS CLASSES
#    *******************************
#    See https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html
# '''


class DCCNotFoundException(Exception):
    """Raised when a specific DCC is not available"""

    pass


class UnknownGenericCmdArgException(Exception):
    """Raised when a GENERIC cmd argument is not recognized by the controller (no native cmd available for the generic cmd)"""

    def __init__(self, name: str, arg: str):
        self.name = name
        self.arg = arg

    def __str__(self):
        return f"The argument '{self.arg}' does not exist for generic cmd {self.name}"


class UnknownNativeCmdException(Exception):
    """Raised when a NATIVE command name is not recognized by the controller"""

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)


class UnimplementedGenericCmdException(Exception):
    """Raised when a GENERIC cmd has no implementation in the controller (no native cmd available for the generic cmd)"""

    def __str__(self):
        return f"({type(self).__name__}): Device Generic command has no implementation in the controller"


class MyImprovedException(Exception):
    """Improved Exeption class with predefined list of standard error messages, and optional specific message

    Usage:

    >>> e = MyImprovedException(MyImprovedException.ERROR_BAD_PARAM)
    >>> e.error_msg
    'Bad Parameter'
    >>> e
    MyImprovedException('Bad Parameter')
    >>> print(e)
    (MyImprovedException): Bad Parameter

    >>> e = MyImprovedException(MyImprovedException.ERROR_BAD_PARAM, "my specific message added")
    >>> e
    MyImprovedException('Bad Parameter', 'my specific message added')
    >>> print(e)
    (MyImprovedException): Bad Parameter ; Specific message: my specific message added
    """

    # List of standard error messages
    ERROR_UNDEFINED_PARAM = "Parameter not defined"
    ERROR_BAD_PARAM = "Bad Parameter"
    ERROR_MISSING_PARAM = "a Parameter is missing"
    ERROR_TOO_MANY_PARAM = "Too many Parameters"

    def __init__(self, error_msg: str, specific_msg: str = None):
        # super().__init__(error_msg)
        self.error_msg = error_msg
        self.specific_msg = specific_msg

    def __str__(self):
        #msg = f"({type(self).__name__}): {self.error_msg}"
        msg = f"({self.__class__.__name__}): {self.error_msg}"
        if self.specific_msg:
            msg += f" ; Specific message: {self.specific_msg}"
        return msg


class MyOwnDerivedException(MyImprovedException):
    """
    Usage:

    >>> try:
    ...     print("doing something dangerous...")
    ...     raise MyOwnDerivedException(MyOwnDerivedException.ERROR_MISSING_PARAM)
    ... except MyOwnDerivedException as e:
    ...     print(e)
    doing something dangerous...
    (MyOwnDerivedException): a Parameter is missing

    >>> try:
    ...     print("doing something dangerous...")
    ...     raise MyOwnDerivedException(MyOwnDerivedException.ERROR_NEW_CASE2, 'my own special message')
    ... except MyImprovedException as e:  # we can use superclass also
    ...     print(e)
    doing something dangerous...
    (MyOwnDerivedException): Nouveau cas d'erreur 2 ; Specific message: my own special message

    General example :

    >>> try:
    ...     # do something
    ...     pass
    ...
    ... except ValueError:
    ...     # handle ValueError exception
    ...     pass
    ...
    ... except (TypeError, ZeroDivisionError):
    ...     # handle multiple exceptions
    ...     # TypeError and ZeroDivisionError
    ...     pass
    ...
    ... except:
    ...     # handle all other exceptions
    ...     pass

    """
    # Add new specific error cases for this exception type:
    ERROR_NEW_CASE1 = "Nouveau cas d'erreur 1"
    ERROR_NEW_CASE2 = "Nouveau cas d'erreur 2"


'''
try:
    print("doing something dangerous...")
    raise MyOwnDerivedException(MyOwnDerivedException.ERROR_MISSING_PARAM)
except MyOwnDerivedException as e:
    print(e)
'''


# '''
# =================================================================
#     GENERAL CLASSES
# =================================================================
# '''


class MySuperClass1:
    pass


class MySuperClass2:
    pass


# '''
# =================================================================
#     - CLASS MySimpleClass
# =================================================================
# '''

class MySimpleClass(MySuperClass1, MySuperClass2):
    """a Class with multi-inheritance

    blabla

    blabla
    """

    #
    # Class attributes
    #

    names: List[str] = ["Guido", "Jukka", "Ivan"]
    """ List is mutable"""

    version: Tuple[int, int, int] = (3, 7, 1)
    """ Tuple is IMMutable"""

    options: Dict[str, bool] = {"centered": False, "capitalize": True}
    """ Dict (is mutable) """

    my_attr1: dict = {}
    current_file = None

    #
    # Class methods
    #

    def __init__(self, a: int, b: float) -> None:
        """
        La methode __init__ doit toujours retourner "None"

        Args:
            a: blabla
        """
        c = 1
        d = 2

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        """
        La methode __str__ doit toujours retourner "str"
        """
        return "toto"

    def my_method2(self, a: int, b: float) -> None:
        """Method that returns nothing"""
        a = 1
        b = 2


# '''
# =================================================================
#     - CLASS Person
# =================================================================
# '''

class Person:
    """Class to create a person, in several ways (several Factory methods)

    => Illustrate difference btw static and class methods

    Usage:

    1) Classic Constructor :

    >>> person1 = Person('Alfredo', 21)

    2) Class method (Factory) :

    >>> person2 = Person.fromBirthYear('Peter', 2000)
    >>> person2.age
    22

    3) Another class method (Factory) :

    >>> person3 = Person.twin('John', person2)
    >>> person3.age == person2.age
    True
    >>> person3.name == person2.name
    False

    4) Static method (does not need access to the class attributes or methods) :

    >>> Person.isAdult(22)
    True

    """

    def __init__(self, name: str, age: int) -> None:
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    @classmethod
    def fromBirthYear(cls, name: str, year: int) -> Person:
        """A class method to create a Person object by birth year

        NB : return type 'Person' is possible because of: 'from __future__ import annotations'
        """
        return cls(name, date.today().year - year)

    @classmethod
    def twin(cls, name: str, p: Person) -> Person:
        """A class method to create a Person object from another"""
        return cls(name, p.age)

    @staticmethod
    def isAdult(age: int):
        """A static method to check if a Person is adult or not"""
        return age > 18


# '''
# =================================================================
#     - CLASS Employee
# =================================================================
# '''

# class typing.NamedTuple : Typed version of collections.namedtuple()

class Employee(typing.NamedTuple):
    """Illustrates usage of collections.namedtuple & typing.NamedTuple

    See https://towardsdatascience.com/what-are-named-tuples-in-python-59dc7bd15680

    See https://www.netjstech.com/2020/01/named-tuple-python.html

    Usage:

    1) Here we use typing.NamedTuple :

    >>> andrew = Employee('Andrew', 'Brown', ['Develoer', 'Manager'], 'US')
    >>> print(andrew)
    Employee(first_name='Andrew', last_name='Brown', jobs=['Develoer', 'Manager'], country='US')

    >>> alice = Employee(first_name='Alice', last_name='Stevenson', jobs=['Product Owner'])
    >>> print(alice)
    Employee(first_name='Alice', last_name='Stevenson', jobs=['Product Owner'], country='France')
    >>> alice.last_name
    'Stevenson'
    >>> alice[1]
    'Stevenson'
    >>> for attr in alice: print(attr)
    Alice
    Stevenson
    ['Product Owner']
    France


    2) Here we define the same Employee as above, but using collections.namedtuple :

    >>> from collections import namedtuple
    >>> Employee = namedtuple('Employee', 'first_name last_name jobs country')

    or :

    >>> Employee = namedtuple('Employee', ['first_name', 'last_name', 'jobs', 'country'])

    """

    first_name: str
    last_name: str
    jobs: list
    country: str = "France"


# '''
# =================================================================
#     - CLASS Point2D
# =================================================================
# '''

# typing.TypedDict : Special construct to add type hints to a dictionary. At runtime it is a plain dict

class Point2D(typing.TypedDict):
    """Class to illustrate typing.TypedDict

    (Special construct to add type hints to a dictionary. At runtime it is a plain dict)

    See: https://adamj.eu/tech/2021/05/10/python-type-hints-how-to-use-typeddict/


    Usage:

    a: Point2D = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'label': 'good'}  # OK

    b: Point2D = {'x': 1, 'y': 2}                   # KO (missing label)

    c: Point2D = {'z': 3, 'label': 'bad'}           # KO (z not defined)

    d: Point2D = {}                                 # KO (missing x, y, label)


    Definition (other possibilities):

    Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', x=int, y=int, label=str)

    Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': str})
    """
    x: int
    y: int
    label: str


def get_point() -> Point2D:
    return {
        'x': 1,
        'y': 2,
        'label': 'good'
    }


# '''
# =================================================================
#     - CLASS Position
# =================================================================
# '''

# @dataclass : shortcut for class definition


@dataclass
class Position:
    """@dataclass

    Class to illustrate Data Classes (@dataclass)

    See: https://realpython.com/python-data-classes

    A DataClass is a shortcut to define a "data structure" without method

    It is much like a NamedTuple, but "mutable", and with more features.

    Defines automatically a lot of things for you : 

    - __init__() (with self.x = x, self.y = y, ...)

    - __repr()__

    - __eq()__

    - order, sort, immutable or not (frozen=True), ...

    NB: on peut quand même ajouter des méthodes à une dataclass car c’est une classe normale...


    Definition alternatives :

    >>> from dataclasses import make_dataclass
    >>> Position = make_dataclass('Position', ['name', 'lat', 'lon'])

    Usage:

    >>> pos = Position('Oslo', 10.8, 59.9)
    >>> pos
    Position(name='Oslo', lat=10.8, lon=59.9)
    >>> pos.lon
    59.9
    """

    name: str
    lon: float
    lat: float = 0.0  # with default value


@dataclass
class PlayingCard:
    """@dataclass

    Class to illustrate Data Classes (@dataclass)
    """
    rank: str
    suit: str


@dataclass
class Deck:
    """@dataclass

    Class to illustrate Data Classes (@dataclass)

    Usage:

    >>> queen_of_hearts = PlayingCard('Q', 'Hearts')

    >>> ace_of_spades = PlayingCard('A', 'Spades')

    >>> two_cards = Deck([queen_of_hearts, ace_of_spades])
    """
    cards: List[PlayingCard]


@dataclass
class Cmd:
    """@dataclass

    PyROS example class to illustrate Data Classes 
    (@dataclass, and using 'field')

    Usage:

    >>> c = Cmd('get_timezone')

    >>> c = Cmd('do_init','do_init'),
    """

    generic_name: str = 'generic name'
    native_name: str = ''
    desc: str = 'Description'
    # equivalent to "= {}" which is not allowed
    params: Dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)
    final_simul_response: str = 'simulator response'
    final_device_responses: Dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)
    immediate_responses: Dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)
    errors: Dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)


# '''
# =================================================================
#    Main function (definition)
# =================================================================
# '''

def main() -> None:
    """Comment on Main function definition"""
    a = 1
    b = 2
    c = a + b

    e = general_function_that_returns_a_tuple_of_3_elem(c="toto", a=1, b=2)
    # print(e)

    import doctest

    doctest.testmod()


# """
# =================================================================
#     Main function (execution)
# =================================================================
# """

if __name__ == "__main__":
    """Comment on Main function execution"""
    main()