Commit f92f9bc99c3f88a34b44dd3b65c1cc7db9c85ce7

Authored by Didier BARRET
1 parent a26c53f7
Exists in master

Update section on trains.

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content.yml
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333 333 - title: What does the tool do?
334 334 content: |
335 335 The tool computes the carbon footprint associated with round
336   - trip flights, considering only the emission associated with the flight.
  336 + trip flights, considering only the emission associated with the flight
  337 + (i.e. do not include life cycle emissions).
337 338 It does so for a set of trips from a given city of origin
338 339 to a set of destinations. Similarly, the tool allows to compute
339 340 the carbon footprint of a larger set of trips, corresponding to a
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399 400 distance intervals. For its carbon compensation service, KLM
400 401 provides on its web site a table of emissions for a large range
401 402 of flights. The KLM data have been also been fitted with linear
402   - functions.
  403 + functions. Differences up to a few tens of percent may be found between
  404 + the estimates and the linearly interpolated values.
403 405  
404 406 - title: What about radiative forcing?
405 407 slug: rfi
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450 452 is an input to be selected by
451 453 the user (it is set to 300 km by default). Below the minimum
452 454 distance for flying, it is assumed that train is used. The tool
453   - then computes the travel footprint associated with train. The
454   - French emission factors provided by ADEME are 3.37 and 5.11
455   - grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per km per passenger for
  455 + then computes the travel footprint associated with train (as
  456 + for flight emissions, the computation does not include
  457 + life cycle emissions). The French emission factors provided by
  458 + ADEME are 3.37 and 5.11grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per km per passenger for
456 459 high speed trains and normal trains respectively. This low value is
457 460 due to the fact that electricity is provided by nuclear plants. It
458 461 is larger by some factors across Europe. The tool thus assumes the
459 462 mean of the emission factors of national and international rails,
460 463 as provided by DEFRA (i.e. 23 grams per passenger km). This
461   - makes the carbon dioxide equivalent emission of trains, typically 5-10%
462   - of the one of aircrafts. It is worth relating a distance
463   - traveled by train to a duration. In Europe, the average speed
464   - of trains is about 100 km/hour, meaning that it takes about 5
465   - hours to travel by trains between two cities with a
466   - great circle distance of 500 km.
  464 + makes the carbon dioxide equivalent emission of aircrafts
  465 + 10 to 20 times more than the one of trains. Some may select train
  466 + traveling instead of flying based on the duration of the trip.
  467 + It is thus worth relating the minimum distance for flying to
  468 + a travel time duration by train. In Europe, from a shallow survey of trip
  469 + durations between major cities, it appears that the average speed
  470 + of trains is about 100 km/hour. This means that on average it takes about 5
  471 + hours to travel by train between two cities with a
  472 + great circle distance of 500 km (including connexions,
  473 + deviations from the shortest paths…). 100 km/hour may be on the
  474 + low side by a couple of 10 km/hour in
  475 + countries where high speed trains are frequently used,
  476 + and on the high side by the same amount in countries where high speed
  477 + trains are less available or not available at all.
467 478  
468 479 - blocks:
469 480  
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