# This YAML file holds some of the content of the website, for convenience.
# Learn YAML, it's worth it: http://sweetohm.net/article/introduction-yaml.html
# /!. IF YOU BREAK THIS FILE YOU BREAK THE WEBSITE.  TREAD CAREFULLY.

# Metadata about this website
meta:
  title: Travel Carbon Footprint Calculator
  description: A travel carbon footprint calculator for researchers.
  authors:
    - name:  Didier Barret
      email: dbarret@irap.omp.eu
      role:  Principal Investigator
    - name:  Antoine Goutenoir
      email: antoine@goutenoir.com
      role:  Software Ninja
    - name:  Jean-Michel Glorian
      email: Jean-Michel.Glorian@irap.omp.eu
      role:  Benevolent Wizard


# Aka. Laws
models:
  - name: Atmosfair (RFI=3 for altitude > 9 km)
    # Slugged version of the display name above
    # Only lowercase alphanumeric, starting with a letter, using - as liaison
    # In other words, MUST match ^[a-z]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?$ eg: icao-with-rfi
    # MUST be unique, two models MUST NOT have the same slug.
    slug: atmosfair-rfi
    # There MUST exist a python file named like this in `flaskr/laws`
    # And it MUST contain a class named EmissionModel
    # Please keep this lowercased, letters-only (or I will breathe fire)
    file: travel_emission_lerp_fit
    # Color MUST be in the hex form, without alpha
    color: "#9933ff"
    # Whether this model is selected by default in the list.
    selected: true
    # The configuration that will be fed to the model.
    # May be anything, really.  Go bonkers!
    config:
      plane_emission_linear_fit:
        # A coefficient applied to the distance
        connecting_flights_scale: 1.05
        # Radiative Forcing Index
        # Multiplier after scaling
        rfi: 1.0
        # Flat scalar to add before scaling with laws
        offset_before: 0
        # Flat scalar to multiply before scaling with laws
        scale_before: 1
        # The travel_emission_lerp_fit uses points instead of intervals
        # List of (distance in km, footprint in kg)
        points:
          - [     0.0,    0.0            ]
          - [   299.9,    0.0            ]
          - [   300.0,  100.771075677223 ]
          - [  3999.9,  866.237395584634 ]
          - [  4000.0,  844.203401814933 ]
          - [ 19999.9, 5606.129335551792 ]
          - [ 25000.0, 7094.270252762378 ]

 
  - name: MyClimate (RFI=2)
    # Slugged version of the display name above
    # Only lowercase alphanumeric, starting with a letter, using - as liaison
    # In other words, MUST match ^[a-z]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?$ eg: icao-with-rfi
    # MUST be unique, two models MUST NOT have the same slug.
    slug: my-climate-rfi
    # There MUST exist a python file named like this in `flaskr/laws`
    # And it MUST contain a class named EmissionModel
    # Please keep this lowercased, letters-only (or I will breathe fire)
    file: travel_emission_lerp_fit
    # Color MUST be in the hex form, without alpha
    color: "#99ff33"
    # Whether this model is selected by default in the list.
    selected: true
    # The configuration that will be fed to the model.
    # May be anything, really.  Go bonkers!
    config:
      plane_emission_linear_fit:
        # A coefficient applied to the distance
        connecting_flights_scale: 1.05
        # Radiative Forcing Index
        # Multiplier after scaling
        # DEPRECATED
        rfi: 1.0
        # Flat scalar to add before scaling with laws
        offset_before: 95
        # Flat scalar to multiply before scaling with laws
        scale_before: 1
        # The travel_emission_lerp_fit uses points instead of intervals
        # List of (distance in km, footprint in kg)
        points:
          - [0.0, 0.0 ]
          - [299.9, 0.0 ]
          - [300.0, 120.42928309599999 ]
          - [1499.9, 278.86980907246215 ]
          - [1500.0, 278.8830135500002 ]
          - [2499.9, 438.3026953954595 ]
          - [2500, 438.3186389580005 ]
          - [19999.9, 3335.611941663665 ]
          - [25000.0, 4163.431314509144 ]

  - name: ADEME (RFI=1.9)
    # Slugged version of the display name above
    # Only lowercase alphanumeric, starting with a letter, using - as liaison
    # In other words, MUST match ^[a-z]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?$ eg: icao-with-rfi
    # MUST be unique, two models MUST NOT have the same slug.
    slug: ademe-rfi
    # There MUST exist a python file named like this in `flaskr/laws`
    # And it MUST contain a class named EmissionModel
    # Please keep this lowercased, letters-only (or I will breathe fire)
    file: travel_emission_lerp_fit
    # Color MUST be in the hex form, without alpha
    color: "#33ff99"
    # Whether this model is selected by default in the list.
    selected: true
    # The configuration that will be fed to the model.
    # May be anything, really.  Go bonkers!
    config:
      plane_emission_linear_fit:
        # A coefficient applied to the distance
        connecting_flights_scale: 1.05
        # Radiative Forcing Index
        # Multiplier after scaling
        # DEPRECATED
        rfi: 1.0
        # Flat scalar to add before scaling with laws
        offset_before: 0
        # Flat scalar to multiply before scaling with laws
        scale_before: 1
        # The travel_emission_lerp_fit uses points instead of intervals
        # List of (distance in km, footprint in kg)
        points:
          - [0.0, 0.0 ]
          - [299.9, 0.0 ]
          - [300.0, 195.74749999999995 ]
          - [999.9, 301.13494249999997 ]
          - [1000.0, 301.15000000000003 ]
          - [1999.9, 475.61588499999993 ]
          - [2000, 475.63333333333316 ]
          - [2999.9, 573.7901833333333 ]
          - [3000, 573.8000000000008 ]
          - [3999.9, 851.1722600000007 ]
          - [4000, 851.2000000000004 ]
          - [4999.9, 1116.223495 ]
          - [5000, 1116.2499999999998 ]
          - [5999.9, 1157.0959149999994 ]
          - [6000, 1157.1000000000004 ]
          - [6999.9, 1196.99601 ]
          - [7000, 1196.9999999999998 ]
          - [7999.9, 1367.9828999999993 ]
          - [8000, 1368.0000000000005 ]
          - [8999.9, 1444.9423050000007 ]
          - [9000, 1444.9499999999994 ]
          - [9999.9, 1643.4801449999993 ]
          - [10000, 1643.5000000000007 ]
          - [10999.9, 1975.016844999998 ]
          - [11000, 1968.2100000000028 ]
          - [19999.9, 3570.462197000003 ]
          - [25000.0, 4460.630000000003 ]


  - name: DEFRA (RFI=1.9)
    # Slugged version of the display name above
    # Only lowercase alphanumeric, starting with a letter, using - as liaison
    # In other words, MUST match ^[a-z]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?$ eg: icao-with-rfi
    # MUST be unique, two models MUST NOT have the same slug.
    slug: defra-rfi
    # There MUST exist a python file named like this in `flaskr/laws`
    # And it MUST contain a class named EmissionModel
    # Please keep this lowercased, letters-only (or I will breathe fire)
    file: travel_emission_lerp_fit
    # Color MUST be in the hex form, without alpha
    color: "#3399ff"
    # Whether this model is selected by default in the list.
    selected: true
    # The configuration that will be fed to the model.
    # May be anything, really.  Go bonkers!
    config:
      plane_emission_linear_fit:
        # A coefficient applied to the distance
        connecting_flights_scale: 1.05
        # Radiative Forcing Index
        # Multiplier after scaling
        # DEPRECATED
        rfi: 1.0
        # Flat scalar to add before scaling with laws
        offset_before: 0
        # Flat scalar to multiply before scaling with laws
        scale_before: 1
        # The travel_emission_lerp_fit uses points instead of intervals
        # List of (distance in km, footprint in kg)
        points:
          - [0.0, 0.0 ]
          - [299.9, 0.0 ]
          - [300.0, 47.496000000000016 ]
          - [499.9, 79.14416800000002 ]
          - [500.0, 78.03232675954409 ]
          - [3699.9, 576.0667775328388 ]
          - [3700.0, 541.2334271596557 ]
          - [19999.9, 2878.9047733493503 ]
          - [25000.0, 3596.0006143105275 ]

  - name: KLM data (no RF, not recommended)
    # Slugged version of the display name above
    # Only lowercase alphanumeric, starting with a letter, using - as liaison
    # In other words, MUST match ^[a-z]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?$ eg: icao-with-rfi
    # MUST be unique, two models MUST NOT have the same slug.
    slug: klm-data-no-rfi
    # There MUST exist a python file named like this in `flaskr/laws`
    # And it MUST contain a class named EmissionModel
    # Please keep this lowercased, letters-only (or I will breathe fire)
    file: travel_emission_lerp_fit
    # Color MUST be in the hex form, without alpha
    color: "#ff3399"
    # Whether this model is selected by default in the list.
    selected: false
    # The configuration that will be fed to the model.
    # May be anything, really.  Go bonkers!
    config:
      plane_emission_linear_fit:
        # A coefficient applied to the distance
        connecting_flights_scale: 1.05
        # Radiative Forcing Index
        # Multiplier after scaling
        # DEPRECATED
        rfi: 1.0
        # Flat scalar to add before scaling with laws
        offset_before: 0
        # Flat scalar to multiply before scaling with laws
        scale_before: 1
        # The travel_emission_lerp_fit uses points instead of intervals
        # List of (distance in km, footprint in kg)
        points:
          - [0.0, 0.0 ]
          - [299.9, 0.0 ]
          - [300.0, 41.883578628476144 ]
          - [2499.9, 214.70184186944394 ]
          - [2500.0, 261.6807087092951 ]
          - [14999.9, 962.2587735768744 ]
          - [25000.0, 1522.7313138757793 ]

  - name: ICAO (no RF, not recommended)
    # Slugged version of the display name above
    # Only lowercase alphanumeric, starting with a letter, using - as liaison
    # In other words, MUST match ^[a-z]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?$ eg: icao-with-rfi
    # MUST be unique, two models MUST NOT have the same slug.
    slug: icao-no-rfi
    # There MUST exist a python file named like this in `flaskr/laws`
    # And it MUST contain a class named EmissionModel
    # Please keep this lowercased, letters-only (or I will breathe fire)
    file: travel_emission_lerp_fit
    # Color MUST be in the hex form, without alpha
    color: "#ff9933"
    # Whether this model is selected by default in the list.
    selected: false
    # The configuration that will be fed to the model.
    # May be anything, really.  Go bonkers!
    config:
      plane_emission_linear_fit:
        # A coefficient applied to the distance
        connecting_flights_scale: 1.05
        # Radiative Forcing Index
        # Multiplier after scaling
        # DEPRECATED
        rfi: 1.0
        # Flat scalar to add before scaling with laws
        offset_before: 0
        # Flat scalar to multiply before scaling with laws
        scale_before: 1
        # The travel_emission_lerp_fit uses points instead of intervals
        # List of (distance in km, footprint in kg)
        points:
          - [0.0, 0.0 ]
          - [299.9, 0.0 ]
          - [300.0, 67.00585705041823 ]
          - [2499.9, 211.09825928042045 ]
          - [2500.0, 206.528816915788 ]
          - [14999.9, 663.8204584246745 ]
          - [25000.0, 1029.6603566841018 ]


# The grouped barchart displayed on the home page.
laws_plot:
  distances:
    - 350.0
    - 500.0
    - 1000.0
    - 1500.0
    - 2500.0
    - 3000.0
    - 4500.0
    - 5000.0
    - 8000.0
    - 10000.0
    - 12000.0


# The content is Markdown.  HTML is also allowed.
# If you also want Markdown in the titles, just ask.
home:
  # The hero block (aka. jumbotron) is the top-level, salient block
  # It's like a welcoming mat :)
  hero:
    title: Estimate your travel carbon footprint
    # Using a pipe (|) allows you to set multiline content
    # Careful, indentation matters.
    description: |
      Travel footpint calculator provided by Didier Barret
      <br>
      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-globe" aria-hidden="true"></span>
      CNRS,
      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-home" aria-hidden="true"></span>
      [IRAP](http://www.irap.omp.eu),
      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>
      [@DidierBarret](https://twitter.com/DidierBarret),
      <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></span>
      [didier.barret@gmail.com](mailto:didier.barret@gmail.com)

  # Three blocks per section.
#  sections:

  # You can also use columns.
  columns:
    - blocks:

      - title: What does the tool do?
        content: |
          The tool computes the carbon footprint associated with round
          trip flights. It does so for a set of trips from a given city of origin
          to a set of destinations. Similarly, the tool allows to compute 
          the carbon footprint of a larger set of trips, corresponding to a 
          conference, a meeting and so on. For this, the city of departure 
          for each participant to the conference has first to be provided. 
          If multiple destination cities are provided, the tool ranks those 
          cities according to the associated carbon footprint. 

          While online calculators enable to compute the footprint of a 
          limited number of trips, this tool enables to compute the 
          footprint of a larger number of trips in an automated way. 

          Furthermore, it provides an estimate based on data from six 
          different methods, whose estimates can differ significantly. If 
          more than one method is selected by the user, the tool returns 
          the mean of the estimates of all selected method.  

      - title: How does the tool work?
        content: |
          A round trip is defined by a city pair. The two cities are 
          geolocated and from their longitude and latitude, the great 
          circle distance is computed. This is the shortest path a plane 
          can follow. Some methods thus consider uplift correction 
          factors in computing the carbon dioxide emission of a flight. In 
          addition, two cities may not be connected by a direct flight. 
          This is accounted for by increasing by 5% the great circle 
          distance. Each method provides the carbon dioxide emission 
          in kg as a function of the flight distance in km. Thus from the 
          increased great circle distance, the carbon dioxide emission of 
          a flight associated with a trip between a city pair is computed 
          and multiplied by two to account for a round trip. 


      - title: Which methods are used? 
        content: |
          The tool incorporates six different methods, among the most 
          widely used, and for which the methodology used is 
          documented. Providing more than one method enables to get 
          a mean value, while illustrating the significant differences in 
          their estimates. In alphabetic order, the data considered are 
          from ADEME: the French Environment & Energy Management 
          Agency, atmosfair: a German carbon offsetting company, 
          DEFRA: the UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural 
          Affairs, ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization, from the 
          KLM carbon compensation service data and finally from 
          myclimate. 
          
          _This list is obviously not exhaustive but represents
          a variety of estimates from lower to higher values._


      - title: How are the different methods built? 
        content: |
          What is needed for each method is a function giving the 
          carbon dioxide emission as a function of the flight distance. 
          ADEME and DEFRA provide mean emission factors, as a 
          function of flight distance. Myclimate provides an analytical 
          formula. For ICAO and atmosfair, the on-line calculators have 
          been run for a wide range of flights of varying distances (~100 
          flights spanning from 300 km to 12000 km) and the estimates 
          have been fitted with linear functions, covering adjacent 
          distance intervals. For its carbon compensation service, KLM 
          provides on its web site a table of emissions for a large range 
          of flights. The KLM data have been also been fitted with linear 
          functions. 

      - title: What about radiative forcing?
        slug: rfi
        content: |
          Radiative forcing accounts for the fact that aviation contributes
          to climate change more than just with the emission of carbon dioxide
          from burning fuels, by releasing gases and particles directly
          into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
          where they have an impact on atmospheric composition.
          These gases and particles include
          carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>),
          ozone (O<sub>3</sub>),
          and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>);
          trigger formation of condensation trails (contrails);
          and may increase cirrus cloudiness;
          all of which contribute to climate change.
          A Radiative Forcing Index (RFI) of 1.9–2 is used by DEFRA,
          myclimate and recommended by ADEME
          (see discussion in [Jungbluth, N. & Meili,
          C. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2019) 24: 404](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-018-1556-3).).
          ATMOSFAIR considers a multiplier of 3, for all emissions above 9 km,
          accounting for the profile of the flight.
          ICAO, on the other hand does not include a multiplier,
          arguing that the scientific community has not settle on a value!
          KLM data does not seem to account for radiative forcing either,
          as the estimates they provide are close, although a little higher,
          than the ones of ICAO.
          Therefore, the methods based on ICAO and KLM data are not recommended,
          but given as methods providing the lowest emissions.

          [![Models used](static/img/recap_scaling_laws.jpg)](static/img/recap_scaling_laws.jpg)

      - title: Seating category
        content: |
          The tool assumes economy seats in computing the carbon 
          dioxide emission. For indication, DEFRA provides mean 
          emission factors for different seat classes considering 
          international flights. Related to the area occupied by the seat in 
          the plane, for Premium economy, the emission would be 1.6 
          times larger than flying an economy seat. It would be 2.9 and 4 
          times higher from flying Business class and First class 
          respectively. 
          
      - title: Accounting for train emission
        content: |
          The minimum distance for flying is an input to be provided by
          the user (it is set to 300 km by default). Below the minimum 
          distance for flying, it is assumed that train is used. The tool 
          then computes the travel footprint associated with train. The 
          French emission factors provided by ADEME are 3.37 and 5.11 
          grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per km per passenger for 
          high speed trains and normal trains respectively. This low value is 
          due to the fact that electricity is provided by nuclear plants. It 
          is larger by some factors across Europe. The tool thus assumes the 
          mean of the emission factors of national and international rails, 
          as provided by DEFRA (i.e. 23 grams per passenger km). This 
          makes the carbon dioxide emission of trains, typically one 
          tenth (1/10) of the one of aircrafts.

    - blocks:
          
      - title: Input and output data
        content: |
          The inputs are provided in US English for the city and country 
          names, without diacritics. On each line, the city and country 
          names must be separated by a comma. Pasting a csv file in the 
          form is possible, provided that a comma separates
          the city and country names. 

          A round trip is defined by a city pair. If the user enters cityA as 
          the origin city, and twice cityB as destinations, the tool returns 
          the cumulative emission and distance from two round trips 
          involving cityA and cityB, and indicates that 2 round trips were involved.
          The same happens if the user enters twice cityA as the city of origin 
          and cityB as the sole destination. 

          Three types of inputs can be considered 
          depending on whether the user wants an “individual” estimate 
          or an estimate for a conference, meeting and so on. In the 
          former case, the “origin” city is unique and the “destination” 
          cities may be multiple. The tool returns the carbon dioxide 
          equivalent emission for each city of destination. 
          In the later case, the “origin” cities are multiple 
          (i.e. the cities from which the participants to the conference 
          depart from), and the “destination” city may be a single host city 
          or multiple host cities if the user wants to compare their 
          associated footprint. If there is one destination, the tool returns 
          the carbon dioxide equivalent for each city of origin. If multiple 
          destinations are provided the tool returns the carbon dioxide 
          equivalent emission summed over all cities of 
          origin and for each city of destination. The cumulative distance to 
          each city of destination is also provided. 

          The result pages provides a summary plot which can be 
          downloaded, as well as a csv and raw yaml file. The csv file 
          lists the name of the city as in the form, the address to which it 
          was geolocated, the carbon dioxide emission (in kg), the 
          distance travelled, the number of trips possible by train (i.e. 
          when the distance is less than the minimum flying distance, 
          e.g. 300 km) and the number of trips by plane. The plot and the 
          csv file rank the cities against the carbon dioxide emissions. 

      - title: Trouble shooting
        content: |
          The estimation can go wrong if a city is not properly 
          geolocated. This may happen because the name of the city is 
          wrongly spelled or the geolocator (OSM) is confused. An error 
          should be listed at the end of the result page. Don’t be 
          surprised, if the name recovered by the geolocator is not 
          exactly the one you had expected (e.g. a city is located at the 
          address of an embassy). If nothing happens during a request, it 
          is most likely caused by the geolocator being unavailable. In 
          this case, try again a few minutes later.

      - title: Caveats
        content: |
          The numbers provided by the tool do not come with 
          uncertainties. Therefore they must be considered as indicative 
          of the true values. Selecting more than one method is 
          recommended, because they may make the numbers closer to 
          their true values. In all cases however, the numbers can be 
          used for relative comparisons, e.g. when comparing two cities 
          for hosting a conference. 
          
      - title: Confidentiality
        content: |
          The data provided in the form will remain confidential, as will be the results.
          
      - title: Disclaimer
        content: |
          This tool is provided on a best effort basis as a service to 
          members of the science community. The numbers provided 
          are informative and have obviously no legal value. 

      - title: Reference
        content: |
          Results from the tool may reference to Barret (2019, in preparation). 
 
      - title: Original motivation
        content: |
          Global warming is a threat for life on our planet. Emissions of 
          carbon dioxide by aircrafts keeps increasing, as the world 
          economy keeps growing (it is about 3% of the anthropogenic 
          emissions nowadays). Carrying scientific research requires 
          traveling across the world, and thus air travel is likely to 
          dominate the carbon footprint of most scientists and is 
          likely to be large for developing international projects. This tool was 
          first developed to compute the travel footprint 
          associated with the development of the X-ray Integral 
          Field Unit to fly on board the Athena space observatory 
          in the early 2030s. The rather large number derived, 
          typically one hundred ton of carbon dioxide per bi-annual consortium meeting,
          imposed concrete actions to reduce the footprint 
          of the project, by re-considering the number of 
          large meetings, implementing different ways of interacting and 
          working collectively in a world-wide consortium. The tool was 
          further improved to easily compute the travel footprint associated 
          with individual traveling or with the organization of events, involving
          a large number of travels.  Finally, by comparing different, 
          widely used methods, providing so different estimates, I would 
          expect to raise awareness within the scientific community 
          (and hopefully the authorities and medias) 
          about the lack of regulations or framework on the critical 
          matter of estimating aircraft emissions.

      - title: Concluding note
        content: |
          As a personal note, I would like to stress that, as a scientist, I 
          find it worrying or even shocking that there are no standards 
          for computing the flight emissions, while we know that flight 
          travels, releasing carbon dioxide at high altitudes, contribute to 
          global warming. To take an example, the International Civil 
          Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a United Nations specialized 
          agency, established by States in 1944 to manage the 
          administration and governance of the Convention on 
          International Civil Aviation. ICAO has global responsibility for 
          the establishment of standards, recommended practices, and 
          guidance on various aspects of international civil aviation, 
          including environmental protection. How can ICAO ignore 
          radiative forcing in the results provided by its widely used on-
          line calculator? (which by the way is the calculator used by the 
          travel agency of my institute, being a public institution). The 
          IPCC in its 1999 report have defined the radiative forcing index 
          to be between 2 and 4. Why ICAO is using 1? This is just an 
          example, which clearly show the urgent need to agree on a 
          common methodology accepted by all parties in computing 
          flight emission. May be this tool will help to raise 
          awareness on this issue. 
          
      - title: Additional resources
        content: |
          - Offset your flight with [atmosfair](https://www.atmosfair.de/en/offset/flight)
          - [ADEME](https://www.ecologique-solidaire.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/Info%20GES_Guide%20m%C3%A9thodo.pdf)
            (French Environment & Energy Management Agency)
          - [DEFRA](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2019)
            emission conversion factors 2019
          - [ICAO](https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/carbonoffset/pages/default.aspx)
            Carbon Emissions Calculator
          - [KLM data](https://www.klm.com/travel/nl_en/prepare_for_travel/fly_co2_neutral/all_about_sustainable_travel/index.htm)
            KLM data
          - [MyClimate](https://www.myclimate.org) 
            MyClimate
          - L. Hackel [travel footprint calculator](https://lhackel.shinyapps.io/travel_footprint/)
            based on DEFRA emission factors



estimate:
  hero:
    title: Request an estimation
    description: |
      The results will be available <small>(almost)</small> immediately.
      <br>
      It may take from a few seconds up to a few minutes,
      depending on the amount of locations you provided.

  help:
    first_name: Fill these to say hello.
    last_name: We will never share your data with anyone.
    origin_addresses: |
      Use <code>en_US</code> city and country names, without diacritics.
      &nbsp;
      The comma matters.
      <br>
      This is either a home city and a country
      or the cities and countries of the participants to the conference, meeting…
    destination_addresses: |
      This is either the cities and countries to travel to
      or the host city and country of the conference, meeting…
      <br>
      Please provide multiple cities and countries to compute the location
      of the minimum emission.

  # Labels accept HTML, but not markdown
  # Descriptions accept neither, since we use the HTML title attribute
  form:
    email:
      label: Email Address
      description: Make sure you provide a valid address or you won't receive the results!
    first_name:
      label: First Name
      description: Also known as given name, eg. `Didier`.
      placeholder: Adèle
    last_name:
      label: Last Name
      description: Also known as family name, eg. `Barret`.
      placeholder: Bellego
    institution:
      label: Institution / Enterprise
      description: If any?
    comment:
      label: Leave a comment
      description: Any input is appreciated.  Everyone's a critic.
    use_train_below_km:
      label: Use train below
      description: We will use train emission models instead of plane fo trips below this distance.
    origin_addresses:
      label: Origin Cities
      description: |
        One address per line, in the form `City, Country`.
        Make sure your addresses are correctly spelled.
      # We MUST use the dumb CRLF pair for windows users
      placeholder: "Paris, France\r\nBerlin, Germany"
#      placeholder: |
#        Paris, France
#        Berlin, Germany
    destination_addresses:
      label: Destination Cities
      description: |
        One address per line, in the form `City, Country`.
        Make sure your addresses are correctly spelled.
      placeholder: |
        Washington, United States of America
    compute_optimal_destination:
      label: |
        Compute the destination city that will minimize emissions <br>
        (useful when setting up a meeting/conference)
      description: |
        We will only look through Cities specified in the Destination Cities.
    use_atmosfair_rfi:
      label: |
        Use the <acronym title="Radiative Forcing Index">RFI</acronym>
        multiplier recommended by <a href="https://www.atmosfair.de">atmosfair</a>
        (i.e. <code>3</code> for all emissions above <code>9km</code>)
        <br>
        For long flights, the multiplier may reach <code>2.8</code> or so.
        Otherwise, by default, <code>1.9</code> will be used.
      description: |
        We will only look through Cities specified in the Destination Cities.

estimate_queue:
  hero:
    title: Please wait…
    description: |
      Your estimation is being computed.
      This may take several minutes.
      <br>
      This webpage will automatically update when it is done.

estimation:
  hero:
    title: Your estimation is now available!
    description: |
      Thank you for using our service.
      <br>
      Bookmark this webpage, it is private and unlisted.
  failure:
    hero:
      title: Your estimation has failed!
      description: |
        Sorry about that.  Please find the error message below.
        <br>
        Thank you for using our service.
  lolliplot:
    one_to_one: |
      The carbon dioxide equivalent emission is provided for each city of destination.
      Identical trips (i.e. identical destinations) are summed
      and the cumulative distance is provided.
    one_to_many: |
      The carbon dioxide equivalent emission is provided for each city of destination.
      Identical trips (i.e. identical destinations) are summed
      and the cumulative distance is provided.
    many_to_one: |
      The carbon dioxide equivalent emission is provided for each city of origin.
      Identical trips (i.e. identical origins) are summed and the cumulative distance is provided.
    many_to_many: |
      The carbon dioxide equivalent emission is summed
      over all cities of origin and provided for each city of destination.
      The cumulative distance to each city of destination is provided.
      Duplicates in the destinations are removed.

footer:
  credits: |
    Didier Barret (IRAP) © 2019