<?php

/*
 * This file is part of Psy Shell.
 *
 * (c) 2012-2018 Justin Hileman
 *
 * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
 * file that was distributed with this source code.
 */

namespace Psy;

use Psy\CodeCleaner\NoReturnValue;
use Psy\Exception\BreakException;
use Psy\Exception\ErrorException;
use Psy\Exception\Exception as PsyException;
use Psy\Exception\ThrowUpException;
use Psy\Exception\TypeErrorException;
use Psy\ExecutionLoop\ProcessForker;
use Psy\ExecutionLoop\RunkitReloader;
use Psy\Input\ShellInput;
use Psy\Input\SilentInput;
use Psy\Output\ShellOutput;
use Psy\TabCompletion\Matcher;
use Psy\VarDumper\PresenterAware;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Application;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command as BaseCommand;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Formatter\OutputFormatter;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\ArgvInput;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputArgument;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputDefinition;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\StringInput;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;

/**
 * The Psy Shell application.
 *
 * Usage:
 *
 *     $shell = new Shell;
 *     $shell->run();
 *
 * @author Justin Hileman <justin@justinhileman.info>
 */
class Shell extends Application
{
    const VERSION = 'v0.9.9';

    const PROMPT      = '>>> ';
    const BUFF_PROMPT = '... ';
    const REPLAY      = '--> ';
    const RETVAL      = '=> ';

    private $config;
    private $cleaner;
    private $output;
    private $readline;
    private $inputBuffer;
    private $code;
    private $codeBuffer;
    private $codeBufferOpen;
    private $codeStack;
    private $stdoutBuffer;
    private $context;
    private $includes;
    private $loop;
    private $outputWantsNewline = false;
    private $prompt;
    private $loopListeners;
    private $autoCompleter;
    private $matchers = [];
    private $commandsMatcher;
    private $lastExecSuccess = true;

    /**
     * Create a new Psy Shell.
     *
     * @param Configuration $config (default: null)
     */
    public function __construct(Configuration $config = null)
    {
        $this->config        = $config ?: new Configuration();
        $this->cleaner       = $this->config->getCodeCleaner();
        $this->loop          = new ExecutionLoop();
        $this->context       = new Context();
        $this->includes      = [];
        $this->readline      = $this->config->getReadline();
        $this->inputBuffer   = [];
        $this->codeStack     = [];
        $this->stdoutBuffer  = '';
        $this->loopListeners = $this->getDefaultLoopListeners();

        parent::__construct('Psy Shell', self::VERSION);

        $this->config->setShell($this);

        // Register the current shell session's config with \Psy\info
        \Psy\info($this->config);
    }

    /**
     * Check whether the first thing in a backtrace is an include call.
     *
     * This is used by the psysh bin to decide whether to start a shell on boot,
     * or to simply autoload the library.
     */
    public static function isIncluded(array $trace)
    {
        return isset($trace[0]['function']) &&
          \in_array($trace[0]['function'], ['require', 'include', 'require_once', 'include_once']);
    }

    /**
     * Invoke a Psy Shell from the current context.
     *
     * @see Psy\debug
     * @deprecated will be removed in 1.0. Use \Psy\debug instead
     *
     * @param array         $vars   Scope variables from the calling context (default: array())
     * @param object|string $bindTo Bound object ($this) or class (self) value for the shell
     *
     * @return array Scope variables from the debugger session
     */
    public static function debug(array $vars = [], $bindTo = null)
    {
        return \Psy\debug($vars, $bindTo);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a command object.
     *
     * {@inheritdoc}
     *
     * @param BaseCommand $command A Symfony Console Command object
     *
     * @return BaseCommand The registered command
     */
    public function add(BaseCommand $command)
    {
        if ($ret = parent::add($command)) {
            if ($ret instanceof ContextAware) {
                $ret->setContext($this->context);
            }

            if ($ret instanceof PresenterAware) {
                $ret->setPresenter($this->config->getPresenter());
            }

            if (isset($this->commandsMatcher)) {
                $this->commandsMatcher->setCommands($this->all());
            }
        }

        return $ret;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the default input definition.
     *
     * @return InputDefinition An InputDefinition instance
     */
    protected function getDefaultInputDefinition()
    {
        return new InputDefinition([
            new InputArgument('command', InputArgument::REQUIRED, 'The command to execute'),
            new InputOption('--help', '-h', InputOption::VALUE_NONE, 'Display this help message.'),
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the default commands that should always be available.
     *
     * @return array An array of default Command instances
     */
    protected function getDefaultCommands()
    {
        $sudo = new Command\SudoCommand();
        $sudo->setReadline($this->readline);

        $hist = new Command\HistoryCommand();
        $hist->setReadline($this->readline);

        return [
            new Command\HelpCommand(),
            new Command\ListCommand(),
            new Command\DumpCommand(),
            new Command\DocCommand(),
            new Command\ShowCommand($this->config->colorMode()),
            new Command\WtfCommand($this->config->colorMode()),
            new Command\WhereamiCommand($this->config->colorMode()),
            new Command\ThrowUpCommand(),
            new Command\TimeitCommand(),
            new Command\TraceCommand(),
            new Command\BufferCommand(),
            new Command\ClearCommand(),
            new Command\EditCommand($this->config->getRuntimeDir()),
            // new Command\PsyVersionCommand(),
            $sudo,
            $hist,
            new Command\ExitCommand(),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getDefaultMatchers()
    {
        // Store the Commands Matcher for later. If more commands are added,
        // we'll update the Commands Matcher too.
        $this->commandsMatcher = new Matcher\CommandsMatcher($this->all());

        return [
            $this->commandsMatcher,
            new Matcher\KeywordsMatcher(),
            new Matcher\VariablesMatcher(),
            new Matcher\ConstantsMatcher(),
            new Matcher\FunctionsMatcher(),
            new Matcher\ClassNamesMatcher(),
            new Matcher\ClassMethodsMatcher(),
            new Matcher\ClassAttributesMatcher(),
            new Matcher\ObjectMethodsMatcher(),
            new Matcher\ObjectAttributesMatcher(),
            new Matcher\ClassMethodDefaultParametersMatcher(),
            new Matcher\ObjectMethodDefaultParametersMatcher(),
            new Matcher\FunctionDefaultParametersMatcher(),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated Nothing should use this anymore
     */
    protected function getTabCompletionMatchers()
    {
        @\trigger_error('getTabCompletionMatchers is no longer used', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the default command loop listeners.
     *
     * @return array An array of Execution Loop Listener instances
     */
    protected function getDefaultLoopListeners()
    {
        $listeners = [];

        if (ProcessForker::isSupported() && $this->config->usePcntl()) {
            $listeners[] = new ProcessForker();
        }

        if (RunkitReloader::isSupported()) {
            $listeners[] = new RunkitReloader();
        }

        return $listeners;
    }

    /**
     * Add tab completion matchers.
     *
     * @param array $matchers
     */
    public function addMatchers(array $matchers)
    {
        $this->matchers = \array_merge($this->matchers, $matchers);

        if (isset($this->autoCompleter)) {
            $this->addMatchersToAutoCompleter($matchers);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated Call `addMatchers` instead
     *
     * @param array $matchers
     */
    public function addTabCompletionMatchers(array $matchers)
    {
        $this->addMatchers($matchers);
    }

    /**
     * Set the Shell output.
     *
     * @param OutputInterface $output
     */
    public function setOutput(OutputInterface $output)
    {
        $this->output = $output;
    }

    /**
     * Runs the current application.
     *
     * @param InputInterface  $input  An Input instance
     * @param OutputInterface $output An Output instance
     *
     * @return int 0 if everything went fine, or an error code
     */
    public function run(InputInterface $input = null, OutputInterface $output = null)
    {
        $this->initializeTabCompletion();

        if ($input === null && !isset($_SERVER['argv'])) {
            $input = new ArgvInput([]);
        }

        if ($output === null) {
            $output = $this->config->getOutput();
        }

        try {
            return parent::run($input, $output);
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            $this->writeException($e);
        }

        return 1;
    }

    /**
     * Runs the current application.
     *
     * @throws Exception if thrown via the `throw-up` command
     *
     * @param InputInterface  $input  An Input instance
     * @param OutputInterface $output An Output instance
     *
     * @return int 0 if everything went fine, or an error code
     */
    public function doRun(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
    {
        $this->setOutput($output);

        $this->resetCodeBuffer();

        $this->setAutoExit(false);
        $this->setCatchExceptions(false);

        $this->readline->readHistory();

        $this->output->writeln($this->getHeader());
        $this->writeVersionInfo();
        $this->writeStartupMessage();

        try {
            $this->beforeRun();
            $this->loop->run($this);
            $this->afterRun();
        } catch (ThrowUpException $e) {
            throw $e->getPrevious();
        } catch (BreakException $e) {
            // The ProcessForker throws a BreakException to finish the main thread.
            return;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Read user input.
     *
     * This will continue fetching user input until the code buffer contains
     * valid code.
     *
     * @throws BreakException if user hits Ctrl+D
     */
    public function getInput()
    {
        $this->codeBufferOpen = false;

        do {
            // reset output verbosity (in case it was altered by a subcommand)
            $this->output->setVerbosity(ShellOutput::VERBOSITY_VERBOSE);

            $input = $this->readline();

            /*
             * Handle Ctrl+D. It behaves differently in different cases:
             *
             *   1) In an expression, like a function or "if" block, clear the input buffer
             *   2) At top-level session, behave like the exit command
             */
            if ($input === false) {
                $this->output->writeln('');

                if ($this->hasCode()) {
                    $this->resetCodeBuffer();
                } else {
                    throw new BreakException('Ctrl+D');
                }
            }

            // handle empty input
            if (\trim($input) === '' && !$this->codeBufferOpen) {
                continue;
            }

            $input = $this->onInput($input);

            // If the input isn't in an open string or comment, check for commands to run.
            if ($this->hasCommand($input) && !$this->inputInOpenStringOrComment($input)) {
                $this->addHistory($input);
                $this->runCommand($input);

                continue;
            }

            $this->addCode($input);
        } while (!$this->hasValidCode());
    }

    /**
     * Check whether the code buffer (plus current input) is in an open string or comment.
     *
     * @param string $input current line of input
     *
     * @return bool true if the input is in an open string or comment
     */
    private function inputInOpenStringOrComment($input)
    {
        if (!$this->hasCode()) {
            return;
        }

        $code = $this->codeBuffer;
        \array_push($code, $input);
        $tokens = @\token_get_all('<?php ' . \implode("\n", $code));
        $last = \array_pop($tokens);

        return $last === '"' || $last === '`' ||
            (\is_array($last) && \in_array($last[0], [T_ENCAPSED_AND_WHITESPACE, T_START_HEREDOC, T_COMMENT]));
    }

    /**
     * Run execution loop listeners before the shell session.
     */
    protected function beforeRun()
    {
        foreach ($this->loopListeners as $listener) {
            $listener->beforeRun($this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Run execution loop listeners at the start of each loop.
     */
    public function beforeLoop()
    {
        foreach ($this->loopListeners as $listener) {
            $listener->beforeLoop($this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Run execution loop listeners on user input.
     *
     * @param string $input
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function onInput($input)
    {
        foreach ($this->loopListeners as $listeners) {
            if (($return = $listeners->onInput($this, $input)) !== null) {
                $input = $return;
            }
        }

        return $input;
    }

    /**
     * Run execution loop listeners on code to be executed.
     *
     * @param string $code
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function onExecute($code)
    {
        foreach ($this->loopListeners as $listener) {
            if (($return = $listener->onExecute($this, $code)) !== null) {
                $code = $return;
            }
        }

        return $code;
    }

    /**
     * Run execution loop listeners after each loop.
     */
    public function afterLoop()
    {
        foreach ($this->loopListeners as $listener) {
            $listener->afterLoop($this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Run execution loop listers after the shell session.
     */
    protected function afterRun()
    {
        foreach ($this->loopListeners as $listener) {
            $listener->afterRun($this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set the variables currently in scope.
     *
     * @param array $vars
     */
    public function setScopeVariables(array $vars)
    {
        $this->context->setAll($vars);
    }

    /**
     * Return the set of variables currently in scope.
     *
     * @param bool $includeBoundObject Pass false to exclude 'this'. If you're
     *                                 passing the scope variables to `extract`
     *                                 in PHP 7.1+, you _must_ exclude 'this'
     *
     * @return array Associative array of scope variables
     */
    public function getScopeVariables($includeBoundObject = true)
    {
        $vars = $this->context->getAll();

        if (!$includeBoundObject) {
            unset($vars['this']);
        }

        return $vars;
    }

    /**
     * Return the set of magic variables currently in scope.
     *
     * @param bool $includeBoundObject Pass false to exclude 'this'. If you're
     *                                 passing the scope variables to `extract`
     *                                 in PHP 7.1+, you _must_ exclude 'this'
     *
     * @return array Associative array of magic scope variables
     */
    public function getSpecialScopeVariables($includeBoundObject = true)
    {
        $vars = $this->context->getSpecialVariables();

        if (!$includeBoundObject) {
            unset($vars['this']);
        }

        return $vars;
    }

    /**
     * Return the set of variables currently in scope which differ from the
     * values passed as $currentVars.
     *
     * This is used inside the Execution Loop Closure to pick up scope variable
     * changes made by commands while the loop is running.
     *
     * @param array $currentVars
     *
     * @return array Associative array of scope variables which differ from $currentVars
     */
    public function getScopeVariablesDiff(array $currentVars)
    {
        $newVars = [];

        foreach ($this->getScopeVariables(false) as $key => $value) {
            if (!array_key_exists($key, $currentVars) || $currentVars[$key] !== $value) {
                $newVars[$key] = $value;
            }
        }

        return $newVars;
    }

    /**
     * Get the set of unused command-scope variable names.
     *
     * @return array Array of unused variable names
     */
    public function getUnusedCommandScopeVariableNames()
    {
        return $this->context->getUnusedCommandScopeVariableNames();
    }

    /**
     * Get the set of variable names currently in scope.
     *
     * @return array Array of variable names
     */
    public function getScopeVariableNames()
    {
        return \array_keys($this->context->getAll());
    }

    /**
     * Get a scope variable value by name.
     *
     * @param string $name
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getScopeVariable($name)
    {
        return $this->context->get($name);
    }

    /**
     * Set the bound object ($this variable) for the interactive shell.
     *
     * @param object|null $boundObject
     */
    public function setBoundObject($boundObject)
    {
        $this->context->setBoundObject($boundObject);
    }

    /**
     * Get the bound object ($this variable) for the interactive shell.
     *
     * @return object|null
     */
    public function getBoundObject()
    {
        return $this->context->getBoundObject();
    }

    /**
     * Set the bound class (self) for the interactive shell.
     *
     * @param string|null $boundClass
     */
    public function setBoundClass($boundClass)
    {
        $this->context->setBoundClass($boundClass);
    }

    /**
     * Get the bound class (self) for the interactive shell.
     *
     * @return string|null
     */
    public function getBoundClass()
    {
        return $this->context->getBoundClass();
    }

    /**
     * Add includes, to be parsed and executed before running the interactive shell.
     *
     * @param array $includes
     */
    public function setIncludes(array $includes = [])
    {
        $this->includes = $includes;
    }

    /**
     * Get PHP files to be parsed and executed before running the interactive shell.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getIncludes()
    {
        return \array_merge($this->config->getDefaultIncludes(), $this->includes);
    }

    /**
     * Check whether this shell's code buffer contains code.
     *
     * @return bool True if the code buffer contains code
     */
    public function hasCode()
    {
        return !empty($this->codeBuffer);
    }

    /**
     * Check whether the code in this shell's code buffer is valid.
     *
     * If the code is valid, the code buffer should be flushed and evaluated.
     *
     * @return bool True if the code buffer content is valid
     */
    protected function hasValidCode()
    {
        return !$this->codeBufferOpen && $this->code !== false;
    }

    /**
     * Add code to the code buffer.
     *
     * @param string $code
     * @param bool   $silent
     */
    public function addCode($code, $silent = false)
    {
        try {
            // Code lines ending in \ keep the buffer open
            if (\substr(\rtrim($code), -1) === '\\') {
                $this->codeBufferOpen = true;
                $code = \substr(\rtrim($code), 0, -1);
            } else {
                $this->codeBufferOpen = false;
            }

            $this->codeBuffer[] = $silent ? new SilentInput($code) : $code;
            $this->code         = $this->cleaner->clean($this->codeBuffer, $this->config->requireSemicolons());
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            // Add failed code blocks to the readline history.
            $this->addCodeBufferToHistory();

            throw $e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set the code buffer.
     *
     * This is mostly used by `Shell::execute`. Any existing code in the input
     * buffer is pushed onto a stack and will come back after this new code is
     * executed.
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException if $code isn't a complete statement
     *
     * @param string $code
     * @param bool   $silent
     */
    private function setCode($code, $silent = false)
    {
        if ($this->hasCode()) {
            $this->codeStack[] = [$this->codeBuffer, $this->codeBufferOpen, $this->code];
        }

        $this->resetCodeBuffer();
        try {
            $this->addCode($code, $silent);
        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
            $this->popCodeStack();

            throw $e;
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            $this->popCodeStack();

            throw $e;
        }

        if (!$this->hasValidCode()) {
            $this->popCodeStack();

            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Unexpected end of input');
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the current code buffer.
     *
     * This is useful for commands which manipulate the buffer.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getCodeBuffer()
    {
        return $this->codeBuffer;
    }

    /**
     * Run a Psy Shell command given the user input.
     *
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException if the input is not a valid command
     *
     * @param string $input User input string
     *
     * @return mixed Who knows?
     */
    protected function runCommand($input)
    {
        $command = $this->getCommand($input);

        if (empty($command)) {
            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Command not found: ' . $input);
        }

        $input = new ShellInput(\str_replace('\\', '\\\\', \rtrim($input, " \t\n\r\0\x0B;")));

        if ($input->hasParameterOption(['--help', '-h'])) {
            $helpCommand = $this->get('help');
            $helpCommand->setCommand($command);

            return $helpCommand->run($input, $this->output);
        }

        return $command->run($input, $this->output);
    }

    /**
     * Reset the current code buffer.
     *
     * This should be run after evaluating user input, catching exceptions, or
     * on demand by commands such as BufferCommand.
     */
    public function resetCodeBuffer()
    {
        $this->codeBuffer = [];
        $this->code       = false;
    }

    /**
     * Inject input into the input buffer.
     *
     * This is useful for commands which want to replay history.
     *
     * @param string|array $input
     * @param bool         $silent
     */
    public function addInput($input, $silent = false)
    {
        foreach ((array) $input as $line) {
            $this->inputBuffer[] = $silent ? new SilentInput($line) : $line;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Flush the current (valid) code buffer.
     *
     * If the code buffer is valid, resets the code buffer and returns the
     * current code.
     *
     * @return string PHP code buffer contents
     */
    public function flushCode()
    {
        if ($this->hasValidCode()) {
            $this->addCodeBufferToHistory();
            $code = $this->code;
            $this->popCodeStack();

            return $code;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reset the code buffer and restore any code pushed during `execute` calls.
     */
    private function popCodeStack()
    {
        $this->resetCodeBuffer();

        if (empty($this->codeStack)) {
            return;
        }

        list($codeBuffer, $codeBufferOpen, $code) = \array_pop($this->codeStack);

        $this->codeBuffer     = $codeBuffer;
        $this->codeBufferOpen = $codeBufferOpen;
        $this->code           = $code;
    }

    /**
     * (Possibly) add a line to the readline history.
     *
     * Like Bash, if the line starts with a space character, it will be omitted
     * from history. Note that an entire block multi-line code input will be
     * omitted iff the first line begins with a space.
     *
     * Additionally, if a line is "silent", i.e. it was initially added with the
     * silent flag, it will also be omitted.
     *
     * @param string|SilentInput $line
     */
    private function addHistory($line)
    {
        if ($line instanceof SilentInput) {
            return;
        }

        // Skip empty lines and lines starting with a space
        if (\trim($line) !== '' && \substr($line, 0, 1) !== ' ') {
            $this->readline->addHistory($line);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Filter silent input from code buffer, write the rest to readline history.
     */
    private function addCodeBufferToHistory()
    {
        $codeBuffer = \array_filter($this->codeBuffer, function ($line) {
            return !$line instanceof SilentInput;
        });

        $this->addHistory(\implode("\n", $codeBuffer));
    }

    /**
     * Get the current evaluation scope namespace.
     *
     * @see CodeCleaner::getNamespace
     *
     * @return string Current code namespace
     */
    public function getNamespace()
    {
        if ($namespace = $this->cleaner->getNamespace()) {
            return \implode('\\', $namespace);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Write a string to stdout.
     *
     * This is used by the shell loop for rendering output from evaluated code.
     *
     * @param string $out
     * @param int    $phase Output buffering phase
     */
    public function writeStdout($out, $phase = PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END)
    {
        $isCleaning = $phase & PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CLEAN;

        // Incremental flush
        if ($out !== '' && !$isCleaning) {
            $this->output->write($out, false, ShellOutput::OUTPUT_RAW);
            $this->outputWantsNewline = (\substr($out, -1) !== "\n");
            $this->stdoutBuffer .= $out;
        }

        // Output buffering is done!
        if ($phase & PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END) {
            // Write an extra newline if stdout didn't end with one
            if ($this->outputWantsNewline) {
                $this->output->writeln(\sprintf('<aside>%s</aside>', $this->config->useUnicode() ? '⏎' : '\\n'));
                $this->outputWantsNewline = false;
            }

            // Save the stdout buffer as $__out
            if ($this->stdoutBuffer !== '') {
                $this->context->setLastStdout($this->stdoutBuffer);
                $this->stdoutBuffer = '';
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Write a return value to stdout.
     *
     * The return value is formatted or pretty-printed, and rendered in a
     * visibly distinct manner (in this case, as cyan).
     *
     * @see self::presentValue
     *
     * @param mixed $ret
     */
    public function writeReturnValue($ret)
    {
        $this->lastExecSuccess = true;

        if ($ret instanceof NoReturnValue) {
            return;
        }

        $this->context->setReturnValue($ret);
        $ret    = $this->presentValue($ret);
        $indent = \str_repeat(' ', \strlen(static::RETVAL));

        $this->output->writeln(static::RETVAL . \str_replace(PHP_EOL, PHP_EOL . $indent, $ret));
    }

    /**
     * Renders a caught Exception.
     *
     * Exceptions are formatted according to severity. ErrorExceptions which were
     * warnings or Strict errors aren't rendered as harshly as real errors.
     *
     * Stores $e as the last Exception in the Shell Context.
     *
     * @param \Exception $e An exception instance
     */
    public function writeException(\Exception $e)
    {
        $this->lastExecSuccess = false;
        $this->context->setLastException($e);
        $this->output->writeln($this->formatException($e));
        $this->resetCodeBuffer();
    }

    /**
     * Check whether the last exec was successful.
     *
     * Returns true if a return value was logged rather than an exception.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function getLastExecSuccess()
    {
        return $this->lastExecSuccess;
    }

    /**
     * Helper for formatting an exception for writeException().
     *
     * @todo extract this to somewhere it makes more sense
     *
     * @param \Exception $e
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function formatException(\Exception $e)
    {
        $message = $e->getMessage();
        if (!$e instanceof PsyException) {
            if ($message === '') {
                $message = \get_class($e);
            } else {
                $message = \sprintf('%s with message \'%s\'', \get_class($e), $message);
            }
        }

        $message = \preg_replace(
            "#(\\w:)?(/\\w+)*/src/Execution(?:Loop)?Closure.php\(\d+\) : eval\(\)'d code#",
            "eval()'d code",
            \str_replace('\\', '/', $message)
        );

        $message = \str_replace(" in eval()'d code", ' in Psy Shell code', $message);

        $severity = ($e instanceof \ErrorException) ? $this->getSeverity($e) : 'error';

        return \sprintf('<%s>%s</%s>', $severity, OutputFormatter::escape($message), $severity);
    }

    /**
     * Helper for getting an output style for the given ErrorException's level.
     *
     * @param \ErrorException $e
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function getSeverity(\ErrorException $e)
    {
        $severity = $e->getSeverity();
        if ($severity & \error_reporting()) {
            switch ($severity) {
                case E_WARNING:
                case E_NOTICE:
                case E_CORE_WARNING:
                case E_COMPILE_WARNING:
                case E_USER_WARNING:
                case E_USER_NOTICE:
                case E_STRICT:
                    return 'warning';

                default:
                    return 'error';
            }
        } else {
            // Since this is below the user's reporting threshold, it's always going to be a warning.
            return 'warning';
        }
    }

    /**
     * Execute code in the shell execution context.
     *
     * @param string $code
     * @param bool   $throwExceptions
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function execute($code, $throwExceptions = false)
    {
        $this->setCode($code, true);
        $closure = new ExecutionClosure($this);

        if ($throwExceptions) {
            return $closure->execute();
        }

        try {
            return $closure->execute();
        } catch (\TypeError $_e) {
            $this->writeException(TypeErrorException::fromTypeError($_e));
        } catch (\Error $_e) {
            $this->writeException(ErrorException::fromError($_e));
        } catch (\Exception $_e) {
            $this->writeException($_e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Helper for throwing an ErrorException.
     *
     * This allows us to:
     *
     *     set_error_handler(array($psysh, 'handleError'));
     *
     * Unlike ErrorException::throwException, this error handler respects the
     * current error_reporting level; i.e. it logs warnings and notices, but
     * doesn't throw an exception unless it's above the current error_reporting
     * threshold. This should probably only be used in the inner execution loop
     * of the shell, as most of the time a thrown exception is much more useful.
     *
     * If the error type matches the `errorLoggingLevel` config, it will be
     * logged as well, regardless of the `error_reporting` level.
     *
     * @see \Psy\Exception\ErrorException::throwException
     * @see \Psy\Shell::writeException
     *
     * @throws \Psy\Exception\ErrorException depending on the current error_reporting level
     *
     * @param int    $errno   Error type
     * @param string $errstr  Message
     * @param string $errfile Filename
     * @param int    $errline Line number
     */
    public function handleError($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline)
    {
        if ($errno & \error_reporting()) {
            ErrorException::throwException($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline);
        } elseif ($errno & $this->config->errorLoggingLevel()) {
            // log it and continue...
            $this->writeException(new ErrorException($errstr, 0, $errno, $errfile, $errline));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Format a value for display.
     *
     * @see Presenter::present
     *
     * @param mixed $val
     *
     * @return string Formatted value
     */
    protected function presentValue($val)
    {
        return $this->config->getPresenter()->present($val);
    }

    /**
     * Get a command (if one exists) for the current input string.
     *
     * @param string $input
     *
     * @return null|BaseCommand
     */
    protected function getCommand($input)
    {
        $input = new StringInput($input);
        if ($name = $input->getFirstArgument()) {
            return $this->get($name);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check whether a command is set for the current input string.
     *
     * @param string $input
     *
     * @return bool True if the shell has a command for the given input
     */
    protected function hasCommand($input)
    {
        if (\preg_match('/([^\s]+?)(?:\s|$)/A', \ltrim($input), $match)) {
            return $this->has($match[1]);
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get the current input prompt.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function getPrompt()
    {
        if ($this->hasCode()) {
            return static::BUFF_PROMPT;
        }

        return $this->config->getPrompt() ?: static::PROMPT;
    }

    /**
     * Read a line of user input.
     *
     * This will return a line from the input buffer (if any exist). Otherwise,
     * it will ask the user for input.
     *
     * If readline is enabled, this delegates to readline. Otherwise, it's an
     * ugly `fgets` call.
     *
     * @return string One line of user input
     */
    protected function readline()
    {
        if (!empty($this->inputBuffer)) {
            $line = \array_shift($this->inputBuffer);
            if (!$line instanceof SilentInput) {
                $this->output->writeln(\sprintf('<aside>%s %s</aside>', static::REPLAY, OutputFormatter::escape($line)));
            }

            return $line;
        }

        if ($bracketedPaste = $this->config->useBracketedPaste()) {
            \printf("\e[?2004h"); // Enable bracketed paste
        }

        $line = $this->readline->readline($this->getPrompt());

        if ($bracketedPaste) {
            \printf("\e[?2004l"); // ... and disable it again
        }

        return $line;
    }

    /**
     * Get the shell output header.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function getHeader()
    {
        return \sprintf('<aside>%s by Justin Hileman</aside>', $this->getVersion());
    }

    /**
     * Get the current version of Psy Shell.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getVersion()
    {
        $separator = $this->config->useUnicode() ? '—' : '-';

        return \sprintf('Psy Shell %s (PHP %s %s %s)', self::VERSION, PHP_VERSION, $separator, PHP_SAPI);
    }

    /**
     * Get a PHP manual database instance.
     *
     * @return \PDO|null
     */
    public function getManualDb()
    {
        return $this->config->getManualDb();
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated Tab completion is provided by the AutoCompleter service
     */
    protected function autocomplete($text)
    {
        @\trigger_error('Tab completion is provided by the AutoCompleter service', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
    }

    /**
     * Initialize tab completion matchers.
     *
     * If tab completion is enabled this adds tab completion matchers to the
     * auto completer and sets context if needed.
     */
    protected function initializeTabCompletion()
    {
        if (!$this->config->useTabCompletion()) {
            return;
        }

        $this->autoCompleter = $this->config->getAutoCompleter();

        // auto completer needs shell to be linked to configuration because of
        // the context aware matchers
        $this->addMatchersToAutoCompleter($this->getDefaultMatchers());
        $this->addMatchersToAutoCompleter($this->matchers);

        $this->autoCompleter->activate();
    }

    /**
     * Add matchers to the auto completer, setting context if needed.
     *
     * @param array $matchers
     */
    private function addMatchersToAutoCompleter(array $matchers)
    {
        foreach ($matchers as $matcher) {
            if ($matcher instanceof ContextAware) {
                $matcher->setContext($this->context);
            }
            $this->autoCompleter->addMatcher($matcher);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @todo Implement self-update
     * @todo Implement prompt to start update
     *
     * @return void|string
     */
    protected function writeVersionInfo()
    {
        if (PHP_SAPI !== 'cli') {
            return;
        }

        try {
            $client = $this->config->getChecker();
            if (!$client->isLatest()) {
                $this->output->writeln(\sprintf('New version is available (current: %s, latest: %s)', self::VERSION, $client->getLatest()));
            }
        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            $this->output->writeln($e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Write a startup message if set.
     */
    protected function writeStartupMessage()
    {
        $message = $this->config->getStartupMessage();
        if ($message !== null && $message !== '') {
            $this->output->writeln($message);
        }
    }
}