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  <Instrument>
    <ResourceID>spase://CNES/Instrument/CDPP-AMDA/JASON3/AMBRE</ResourceID>
    <ResourceHeader>
      <ResourceName>AMBRE</ResourceName>
      <AlternateName>Active Monitor Box of Electrostatic Risks</AlternateName>
      <ReleaseDate>2020-09-30T21:10:13Z</ReleaseDate>

      <Description>The AMBRE experiment onboard the ocean topography mapper JASON-3 aims at measuring 
        the spacecraft potential as well as auroral particle precipitation using two top-hat analyzers 
        for electrons and ions in the 20 eV–28 keV energy range. The JASON-3 spacecraft has a nearly 
        circular orbit at an altitude of 1,336 km with an inclination of 66°, at times probing the equatorward 

        part of the auroral oval in a nearly tangential manner upon leaving the outer radiation belt.

        AMBRE consists of two coupled top-hat analyzers, one for ions and the other for electrons in the 20 eV–28 keV 
        energy range. The field of view of both spectrometers is 180° × 6° centered on the zenith. The 180° plane 
        of view is divided into four anodes, the two central ones (sectors 2 and 3) looking at precipitating 
        particles while the two side ones (sectors 1 and 4) record nearly trapped particles (note that the angular 
        resolution of each anode is only ~35°). The geometries of both electron and ion analyzers are identical, 
        except that the electron analyzer has an entrance grid with a transparency of 10% (Sauvaud and Payan, 2017).

        The AMBRE spectrometers provide particle spectra with 128, 32, or 16 energy steps with a time resolution 
        that varies from 0.5 to 2 s. The geometrical factor of a single anode is 1.7 · 10−3 cm2.ster.eV/eV for ions 

        and 1.5 · 10−4 cm2.ster.eV/eV for electrons. 
      </Description>

      <Contact>

	<PersonID>spase://CNES/Person/CDPP-AMDA/Denis.Payan</PersonID>

        <Role>PrincipalInvestigator</Role>
      </Contact>

      <Contact>       

        <PersonID>spase://SMWG/Person/Jean-Andre.C.Sauvaud</PersonID> 

        <Role>CoInvestigator</Role>
      </Contact>
      <InformationURL>
        <Name>Instrument description</Name>

        <URL>https://jason-3.cnes.fr/en/JASON3/index.htm</URL>
      </InformationURL>
      <InformationURL>
        <Name>Lavraud et al., AMBRE: A Compact Instrument to Measure Thermal Ions, Electrons and Electrostatic Charging Onboard Spacecraft</Name>

        <URL>https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8788933</URL>
      </InformationURL>

      <InformationURL>
        <Name>Sauvaud et al., Low-Altitude Observations of Recurrent Short-Lived keV Ion Microinjections Inside the Diffuse Auroral Zone</Name>
        <URL>https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA025075</URL>
      </InformationURL>

      </ResourceHeader>

    <InstrumentType>ElectrostaticAnalyser</InstrumentType>

    <InvestigationName>Active Monitor Box of Electrostatic Risks</InvestigationName>

    <ObservatoryID>spase://CNES/Observatory/CDPP-AMDA/JASON3</ObservatoryID>

    </Instrument>

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